MEANING OF PERSONALITY:-
The word ' personality ' has its origin in the Greek word , ' personare '. The term personality has been derived from the Latin word, ' persona ', which means ' a mask '. In the earlier days, actors on stage used to wear masks, when portraying characters. In real life too , we exhibit our characteristics through our behaviour and physical appearance. This in totality represents our personality. In other words, personality has been considered as a consistent behavioural pattern of an individual.
Personality refers to individual differences in characteristics patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. The study of personality focuses on two broad areas : One is understanding individual differences in particular personality characteristics, such as sociability or irritability. The other is understanding how the various parts of a person come together as a whole .
DEFINITION OF PERSONALITY : -
Over the years, many psychologists have touched upon the different aspects of personality and tried to define the concept. Some definitions are given below -
ACCORDING TO G.W. ALLPORT , '' personality is the dynamic organisation with in the individual of those psycho physical systems that determine his unique adjustment to his environment.''
आलपोर्ट के अनुसार, ''व्यक्तित्व व्यक्ति में उन मनो-भौतिक तंत्रों का गतिशील संगठन है जो उसके पर्यावरण के साथ उसके अद्वितीय समायोजन को निर्धारित करता है।''
ACCORDING TO DREVER, '' Personality is the term used for the integrated and dynamic organisation of the physical , mental , moral and social qualities of the individual as that manifest itself to other people in the give and take at social like.''
ड्रेवर के अनुसार, ''व्यक्तित्व व्यक्ति के शारीरिक, मानसिक, नैतिक और सामाजिक गुणों के एकीकृत और गतिशील संगठन के लिए इस्तेमाल किया जाने वाला शब्द है, जो अन्य लोगों को सामाजिक रूप से देने और लेने में प्रकट होता है।''
ACCORDING TO H.J. EYSENCK , '' Personality is the more or less stable and enduring organisation of a person's character, temperament, intellect, and physique, which determine his unique adjustment to the environment. ''
एच.जे. आइजेंक के अनुसार, ''व्यक्तित्व किसी व्यक्ति के चरित्र, स्वभाव, बुद्धि और ज्ञानशक्ति का करीब करीब एक स्थिर और स्थायी संगठन है, जो पर्यावरण के साथ उसके अद्वितीय समायोजन को निर्धारित करता है। ''
ACCORDING TO VALENTINE, '' Personality is the sum total of innate and acquired disposition. ''
वैलेंटाइन के अनुसार, ''व्यक्तित्व जन्मजात और अर्जित स्वभाव का योग है। ''
ACCORDING TO GUILFORD :- Personality is an integrated pattern of traits.
गिलफोर्ड के अनुसार :- व्यक्तित्व गुणों का एक एकीकृत स्वरूप है।
CHARACTERISTICS OF PERSONALITY : -
The concept of personality thus, has the following characteristics :
1.) UNIQUE AND SPECIFIC - Although the person may share certain common characteristics with others, he / she also as a specific set of characteristics which make him distinct from others.
2.) SELF CONSCIOUSNESS - A person has a personality only when he realizes his existence and tries to project it in his own way. Animals or even infants do not have 'Personality' as they do not have the required self - consciousness.
3.) INCLUDES EVERYTHING - It includes everything and all activities and behaviour patterns of the individual.
4.) DYNAMIC - Every person's personality is dynamic and continually changing. These changes are due to the responses of the person to environmental changes. They allow the person to have better adjustment and adaptation.
5.) PRODUCT OF HEREDITY AND ENVIRONMENT - The heredity inheritance and the environmental influences together dictate the personality characteristics of an individual. Thus, every individual is a product of nature and nature.
6.) RESULTS OF LEARNING AND ACQUISITION OF EXPERIENCE - Learning and acquisitions of experiences contribute to the growth and development of personality.
7.) GOAL INTERPRETS PERSONALITY - The desired goal and the manner shape 'personality'. In the process of struggle to meet the goals, the personality too develops.
8.) RELATED TO UNDERSTANDING INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCE - A teacher can understand the individual differences of students only if he/she is able to understand their personalities and appreciate the fact that each one has a distinct and unique personality and hence has specific preferences, attitudes, aptitudes, and perceptions .
DETERMINANTS PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT [FACTORS AFFECTING PERSONALITY]
DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY
a) Biological Factors
♦️ Heredity
♦️ Physique
♦️ Nervous system
♦️ Endocrine system
b) Psyco - Social Factors
♦️ Family
♦️ School
♦️ Emotional factors
♦️ Social environment and peers
TYPES OF PERSONALITY
Types of personality are as follow :-
1) Sheldon's classification : Sheldon has researched on around 4000 people or students. Sheldon classified personality into three types. He classified human beings into certain types according to their physical structure and attached certain temperamental characteristics to them. His analysis of the characteristics associated with different body physique is given below:-
2) Jung's Classification : He divided personality into three types :-
(a) Introverts - Introvert are described as people who share characteristics such as shyness, social withdrawal and tendency to talk less . They are self - centered, very few friends, speakless, always thinking what others thinking about them, love diary writing, calm in nature pessimistic.
(b) Extrovert - Extrovert share a tendency to be friendly, talktive and social in nature. They prefer social contacts, generous and courageous.
(c) Ambivert - These type of people are generally the mixture of both introvert and extrovert .
3) Kretsch mer's Classification : Kretschmer divided personality based on physical structure appearance of the person.
(a) Pyknic ( fat body ) - These kind of people are social successful in society, short height and good in nature .
(b) Athletic ( balanced body ) - These kind of people are energetic , optimistic and adjustable .
(c) Leptosomatic ( lean and thin ) - These people are reserved , shy , sensitive , pessimistic , in nature .
Utube I'd - @jayagupta6192
0 टिप्पणियाँ